When a ship is operating at maximum ahead service speed, what is the required turning capability within 28 seconds?

The required turning capability of a ship operating at maximum ahead service speed is critical for ensuring safety in navigation, especially during maneuvers that may require quick responses. When evaluating the turning capabilities of a vessel, marine regulations and guidelines often specify the angle of rudder movement necessary to achieve a turn within a set timeframe, which in this case is 28 seconds.

A turning capability of 35 degrees to one side and 30 degrees to the opposite side provides a balanced approach that allows for effective maneuvering. The larger angle of 35 degrees to one side helps achieve a sharper turn when needed, which is essential at high speeds where reaction times are limited. Meanwhile, having the option to use 30 degrees to the opposite side offers flexibility in maneuvering and navigating tight spaces or avoiding obstacles.

This option emphasizes the need for vessels to be equipped with a steering system capable of making significant changes in direction efficiently while maintaining control, thus ensuring the safety of the ship and those around it. The other choices do not provide the same combination of capabilities, which is essential for effective navigation at maximum service speeds.